Raw water TDS
Recommended Process
explanation
<10000 mg/L
Reverse osmosis (RO)
Deep desalination is preferred, with a desalination rate of ≥ 98%
10000-50000 mg/L
Nanofiltration+reverse osmosis
NF selectively separates multivalent ions and reduces RO load
50000-100000 mg/L
DTRO/High Pressure RO
Disc tube anti pollution, suitable for high COD working conditions
100000 to 200000 mg/L
Special Concentration Membrane (SD)
70bar high-pressure operation, achieving ultimate concentration
>200000 mg/L (near saturation)
Membrane distillation/evaporation crystallization
Can utilize waste heat, reduce energy consumption, and achieve water resource recovery
Zero emission typical process: pretreatment → ultrafiltration → reverse osmosis (primary concentration) → special membrane (ultimate concentration) → MVR evaporation crystallization.
Typical process for material purification: microfiltration (clarification) → ultrafiltration (retention of large molecules) → nanofiltration (desalination/concentration) → product.
Salt separation and resource utilization: selective separation of monovalent/divalent ions by nanofiltration → separate crystallization and recovery.
1. Selection of membrane components
Material: Conventional polyamide composite film; Special membrane or ceramic membrane for strong acid/strong alkali/high chlorine.
Channel design: wide channel/disc tube type for high suspended solids; Low pollution selection format.
Retention accuracy: Select based on the molecular weight of the target product (ultrafiltration 1k-100k Da; Nanofiltration 100-1k Da).
2. System configuration selection
Pump: High pressure plunger pump or multi-stage centrifugal pump, requiring corrosion resistance (duplex steel/316L).
Energy recovery: Large systems equipped with energy recovery devices can reduce electricity consumption per ton of water by 30% -50%.
Cleaning system: equipped with CIP online cleaning system to extend membrane life.
Control system: PLC/DCS fully automatic control, real-time monitoring of pressure, flow rate, and conductivity.
3. Material selection
316L stainless steel: normal working conditions, low chlorine environment.
2205 duplex steel: acid medium, alcohol acid system, resistant to chloride ion pitting corrosion.
Titanium alloy TA2: Strong corrosion and high chloride ion content.
Non metallic/plastic: membrane distillation system, suitable for strong acids and bases.